In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the lords, called daimyo, built huge stone castles to protect themselves and their lords and castle towns outside the walls began to grow up. Since that time, Japan had seen almost continuous civil war between the provincial lords, warrior monks and brigands, all fighting each other for land and power. The traditional rule of the emperors had been overthrown in the twelfth century, and although each successive emperor remained the figurehead of Japan, his powers were very much reduced. Translator's Introduction Japan during Musashi's lifetime Miyamoto Musashi was born in 1584, in a Japan struggling to recover from more than four centuries of internal strife. A Book of Five Rings (Go Rin No Sho) Written by Miyamoto Musashi Translated by Victor Harris
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